Effect of grazing intensity on vegetation changes and soil moisture in Arshaq province rangelands research site of Ardabil

Excessive exploitation of pastures and intensity of grazing factors that undermine and destroy vegetation is pasture. This study aimed to determine the effects of different grazing intensity on vegetation and soil moisture in Arshaq area over four years (1386 to 1389) under three levels of grazing intensity (without it, moderate grazing and heavy grazing) Homogeneous ecological conditions of the pastures were the required components of plant and soil include: Percentage of vegetation cover, litter, bare soil and soil moisture in two root deeps of 15-0 and 30-15 cm in the adjacent plot was done within 30 transects. The results showed that total vegetation cover in the absence of grazing conditions was 36.95%, which the plants of class I, II and III had 3.54%, 18.47% and 14.94% of the total value, respectively. The average grazing conditions were 28.64% which the plants of class I, II and III had 3.16%, 10.5% and 14.98% of the total value, respectively. Intense grazing in the 28.51% Average total vegetation with the minor changes in values of the plant class I (1.58%), II (1.35%) and III (25.58%). Grazing intensity had significant effect on different plant groups (I, II, III and total) in terms of plant canopy (p<0.01). The results showed are two distinct classes of A (without Grazing) and Class B (moderate grazing and heavy grazing) between grazing intensity different. Besides, two separate group of A (plant Class I and II), B (pasturable plants of class III) and C (of vegetation) was found between the plant species.