Techniques and Materials for Treatment of Bone Loss Due to Periodontitis: A Review

The first purpose of treatment of periodontal disease and bone loss is to regenerate the lost structures and preserve the sound residual tissues. Different techniques and materials are utilized for alveolar bone loss treatment. This review summarizes the techniques and materials utilized for treatment of alveolar bone loss due to periodontitis.

A search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases from 1990 to 2021. Totally, 133 studies were collected and reviewed, and finally, 31 studies were selected for the analysis.

Of 31 papers, 13 were about intra-bony defects, and others were about furcation involvement defects. Each article suggested different techniques and materials. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival margin position had been measured in studies, and a few techniques showed better results than others. Treatment of furcation defects is difficult in periodontal therapy. We should note that surgical procedures do not have any superiority over non-surgical procedures.

In conclusion, to decide about the best technique, site of defect, severity of disease, the available materials, and the clinician’s knowledge should be considered.