Developing of motivational scaffolding program based on the intervention mapping and effectiveness on goal orientations and cognitive appraisal in parents

The aim of this study was to developing a motivational scaffolding program and evaluate effectiveness on goal orientations and cognitive appraisal in parents. First, the intervention mapping was used to design a motivational scaffolding training program. Then, quasi-experimental research with pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and control group was used. The statistical population included all parents of eighth grade students in Tehran's 4th education district. The statistical sample included 30 mothers with seventh and eighth grade children who were selected using available sampling method. After assignment in experimental and control groups, they responded to the Cognitive Appraisal Scale and parental goal orientation tool. The motivational scaffolding program was implemented in ten two-hour sessions weekly for the experimental group through the WhatsApp application. The results of simple mixed analysis of variance statistical method showed that this training program (p<0.05) was effective in increasing the mastery goal orientation (F=4.20) and challenging Appraisal (F= 4.40)and evaluation of resources (F= 6.31), as well as reducing performance goal orientation (F= 3.97) and threatening cognitive appraisal (F= 3.88) in the parent group. The results showed that by emphasizing the functional characteristics of the scaffolding program for changing parents' motivational status, motivational terminology identifying the motivational profile of parents was similar to the motivational constructs governing students' motivational orientation. Therefore, parental motivational orientation is considered as one of the most determining contextual elements affecting students' motivational profile.