فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 63، پاییز 1401)

The aim of this study was to developing a motivational scaffolding program and evaluate effectiveness on goal orientations and cognitive appraisal in parents. First, the intervention mapping was used to design a motivational scaffolding training program. Then, quasi-experimental research with pre-test-post-test design with follow-up and control group was used. The statistical population included all parents of eighth grade students in Tehran's 4th education district. The statistical sample included 30 mothers with seventh and eighth grade children who were selected using available sampling method. After assignment in experimental and control groups, they responded to the Cognitive Appraisal Scale and parental goal orientation tool. The motivational scaffolding program was implemented in ten two-hour sessions weekly for the experimental group through the WhatsApp application. The results of simple mixed analysis of variance statistical method showed that this training program (p<0.05) was effective in increasing the mastery goal orientation (F=4.20) and challenging Appraisal (F= 4.40)and evaluation of resources (F= 6.31), as well as reducing performance goal orientation (F= 3.97) and threatening cognitive appraisal (F= 3.88) in the parent group. The results showed that by emphasizing the functional characteristics of the scaffolding program for changing parents' motivational status, motivational terminology identifying the motivational profile of parents was similar to the motivational constructs governing students' motivational orientation. Therefore, parental motivational orientation is considered as one of the most determining contextual elements affecting students' motivational profile.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Religious and Spiritual Straggles Scale.

The population included Iranian adults in Tehran in the age range of 14 to 75 years old, who were selected using the available sampling method. The Persian version of the Scale applied with the Elliott (1983) Spiritual well-being and Cohen et al.'s (1994) Perceived Tension Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity were used to evaluate the validity of the scale and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate its reliability. For examining the reliability of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale, it was performed on 37 subjects and Pearson correlation was used to measure it.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated the fit and desirability of the six-factor model. Significant correlations between the factors of the Scale with of Spiritual Well-being and Perceived Tension also confirmed the divergent and convergent validity of this scale. The reliability of the scale using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculation for the whole scale is 0.8 and the test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.9 Obtained.

In general, it can be said that the Persian version of the Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale, which has six factors, has a factor structure similar to the original version of the scale and has the necessary validity and reliability for using in psychological research in the Iranian sample.

High levels of cooperation are formed in societies where people who violate certain norms are punished by the punitive behavior of others. The aim of the present study was to discriminate the types of reactions of individuals to unfair offers and to study their electrophysiological components.

40 male students of Shahid Beheshti University participated in this study through available sampling and their reaction in the modified form of dictator and ultimatum games was measured and evaluated.

Behavioral findings showed most participants did not accept unfair offers and behaved equally unfairly in DG. The results of the hierarchical clustering analysis showed that groups are divided into four groups based on fair-unfair continuity in both games. The behavior of the first group was in the form of pure altruistic punishment and the other groups included a kind of selfishness and behavioral inconsistency. Electrophysiological data showed that in the first group, the FRN and P300 amplitude were lower than in the other groups.

This study deepens our understanding of the foundation of justice as a moral construct by respondents and allows us to assess the processes that exist specifically to evaluate fair and unfair proposals. as far as we know, this study is the first to show the difference between neural data based on event related potential, arising from altruistic punishment, and other forms of punishment, and provide important practical implications for the evolution of collaboration.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of unit-oriented therapy on death anxiety and resiliency in leukemia patients.

The statistical population of this study included all patients with leukemia referred to Mahyar Charity in 2019 and 2020, from which 34 patients by referring to the Cohen sample volume the formula was selected using the available sampling method and by random assignment and age, sex and treatment history homogenization, they were divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Participants responded to the Back Anxiety Inventory (1988), the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (1970) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. In order to perform the intervention, the participants in the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of unity-oriented treatment. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS-24 software was used to analyze the data.

The data showed a decrease in post-test scores (4.88±0.69) and follow-up (4.70±0.58) of death anxiety compared to pre-test (10.29±1.04) and the increase in post-test scores (16.17±1.28) and follow-up (16.35±1.22) of resilience compared to pre-test (8.88±1.33) and the control group. In the present study, the interaction of the time*group reduced death anxiety (P=0.001) and increased resilience (P=0.001) compared to the control group.

Based on the results of the present study, experts are recommended, in order to reduce the complications of leukemia by providing unity-oriented treatment along with medical therapies to increase patients' resilience and reduce their death anxiety.

The purpose of this study accomplished to comparing the effectiveness of Congnitive-Behavioral Group therapy and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on the Reduction of Risky Behaviors in opium addicts.

  the method of this research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test plan with a control group. The statistical community includes all of the people dependent on opiates referring to center leaving addiction dependent on healthcare Network City of Saralpul-Zahab that was in the first half of 1396. With method of available sampling 36 people detecting dependency opiates based DSM-5 who people volunteered to receive therapeutic services and eligibility inclusion criteria, randomly )12 people the first test group, 12 people the second test group, 12 people the control group) Were for selected.  Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 clinical version (SCID-5), and structured clinical interview for DSM-5 clinical version (SCID-5-PD) and the questionnaire measurement of craving heroin was used to collect data. The method of MBCT at the 8 meeting 2-hour and The method CBT in 12 sessions  90 minute Was implemented in the pilot groups.

The results showed that between Comparing the Effectiveness of  CBGT and MBCT on the Reduction Risky Behaviors in Opium addicts There is no significant difference. But in comparison with the control group this difference is significant.  

The results showed that CBGT and MBCT is methods of treatment influencing on the Reduction of  Risky Behaviors in Opium addicts.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents (MTS-A, McGeown, Clair-Thompson & Putwain, 2016) among Iranian gifted adolescents.

300 gifted adolescents (150 male and 150 female) completed the Mental Toughness Scale for Adolescents and the Emotion Cognition Regulation Questionnaire (ECRQ, Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the MTSA's factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the MTS-A, we computed correlations between different dimensions of MTS-A with adaptive non-adaptive emotion cognition regulation strategies.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis based AMOS software showed that 6-factor structure of the challenge, commitment, control of emotions, control of life, confidence in abilities and interpersonal confidence in the Iranian gifted adolescents sample had good fit with data. Correlational analyses between multiple dimensions of the mental toughness with adaptive non-adaptive emotion cognition regulation strategies provided initial evidence for the MTS-A concurrent validity. Internal consistency for the challenge, commitment, control of emotions, control of life, confidence in abilities and interpersonal confidence components was 0/88, 0/90, 0/80, 0/91, 0/81 & 0/96, respectively.

In sum, these findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the MTS-A as an instrument to measure of mental toughness among Iranian gifted adolescents.

The aim of this study was to predicting job search behavior based on personality traits with the moderating role of core self-evaluations.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population includes job applicants referring to non-governmental  job counseling and employment agencies in Tehran in 2019. The sample size is available to 206 people by sampling method. Research data were collected through Blau Job Search Behavior Questionnaire (1994), Personality Traits Questionnaire (NEO) and Jadge et al. (2003) Core Self-Evaluations Questionnaire and data analysis was performed through correlation coefficient and regression tests using soft SPSS software was performed.

The results showed that the job search behavior prediction model based on personality traits with the moderating role of core self-evaluations has an acceptable fit.

The results indicate that the amount of search behavior can be predicted through personality traits. Therefore, personality traits components should be considered as important factors in predicting job search behavior. Core self-evaluations also play a moderating role in predicting job search behavior based on personality traits.

 The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapy package for weight control based on Acceptance and Commitment with the Matrix Approach and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Food Craving and Physical Activity in overweight individuals. 

 The research Design was a quasi- experimental with pretest and posttest and An Active Control group. For this purpose, 40 person were selected via availability sampling and in regard to include and exclude criteria. The instrument of the study were Baecke's Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982) and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait of Cepeda- Benito (2000, FCQ-T). The experimental group received the intervention package in 12 online group sessions of 2-hour weekly sessions and 8 individual sessions of tDCS AR/CL stimulation(2Ma for 20 minutes) and the control group received only 8 individual tDCS sessions of AR/CL stimulation(2Ma for 20 minutes). 

 The results of between- within group mixed analysis of variance showed that the combined intervention package of weight control based on Acceptance and Commitment with the Matrix Approach and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) had a significant effect on physical activity and cravings of overweight people in comparison with tDCS alone. 

 According to the results, it can be concluded that the therapeutic package of the present study can be a good option to increase Physical Activity and reduce Food Craving.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of group reality therapy with group cognitive-behavioral therapy on marital satisfaction and self-control of women with marital conflict.

The method of the present study was descriptive quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with marital conflict who were referred to counseling centers in District 7 of Tehran in 2019, from which 60 people were selected using purposive sampling. Reality therapy sessions were held in groups of one two-hour session per week for 7 weeks. Cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions were held in groups of one two-hour session per week for 8 weeks. Participants responded to the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale developed (1982) and the Self-Control Scale developed by Tangney et al. (2004) for pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated-measures analysis of variance.

The results of the present study showed that the interaction of time*groups increased marital satisfaction and self-control (P=0.001) in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference between cognitive-behavioral therapy and reality therapy with the control group for marital satisfaction and self-control variables.

It seems that both reality therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy help married women to improve their marital relationships by improving their self-control.

The purpose of this study was to translate and report the psychometric indices of a Persian version of the original MUT that consists of 99-items, 24 subscales. This study has investigated the role of motivations in predicting well-being.

Research method was correlational and the statistical population included all Iranian female and male above 18 years old in the 2020 year. 595 adult Iranians completed an online version of the MUT, a demographic form, adaptive basic Glasser needs inventory and WHO-5 questionnaire through available sampling method.

The Face and content validity of the MUT was investigated based on the opinions of experts in basic needs and motivations science. Cronbach’s Alphas for the main 4 scales were affiliation α=.79; power α=.71; achievement α=.67; and freedom α= 0.83. The MUT factor construct validity was confirmed by a series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA): 56= df /x2؛ RMSEA=.05؛ IFI=.91؛ CFI=.91؛ GFI=0.7 indices confirmed the fitness of the data for CFA. Convergent Validity was calculated with the Glasser Needs Questionnaire.

To conclude, (a) the MUT has justifiability of the study were confirmed. MUT has good psychometric properties and can be used for research and clinical interventions with Iranian people. Based on the findings, achievement and freedom motives were the most important predictor of well-being.