Analysis the Visual Composition of Inscriptions and Geometric Patterns in Chehel-Dokhtaran and Pir-e Alamdar Tombs

Decorative and practical arrays in the two tombs of Chehel-Dokhtaran and Pir-e Alamdar in the Damghan city, is a suitable platform for research in the field of visual arts. The purpose of the research is to understand the visual capabilities and show balance in the artworks of the mentioned architectural heritages. The research queries the quality of the geometric designs along with the written elements of the mentioned tomb towers in terms of composition and space (with a visual approach). Therefore, eight image samples were selected and studied by descriptive-analytical method, beyond the field and documentary methods. The results show that geometric patterns are divided into two categories: simple (based on square and diagonal square) and complex (based on the style of prolific geometry). At the same time, written elements are divided into two categories of simple and knotted Kufic, which was used in both buildings. The use of repetitive combinations in both buildings has given a harmonious form to the designs. Moreover, the variety of positive and negative space ratios in these designs has resulted in a coherent structure. In the written elements, the inscriptions are basically composed of vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines (in simple Kufic) and geometric shapes (in knotted Kufic). Additionally, the composition of the writing elements is obtained from the combination of letters and words along with geometric and plant motifs. Moreover, the proper use of negative space in a simple Kufic inscription has contributed greatly to visual reading. In the knotted Kufic inscription, the balance between positive and negative space through writings and designs (geometric and plant) is well evident.