The Ethical Challenge of Genetic Engineering in Line with Treatment, Human Performance Improvement, and Ethical Improvement

Access to new technologies is growing dramatically. On the other hand, the complexity of the problems and dilemmas that human beings face today has increased the tendency to use new methods to solve the leading problems. Reducing the suffering that human society suffers from incurable hereditary and genetic diseases and satisfying the demands that bring about well-being are the most important reasons that morally prescribe the use of genetic engineering technology for the treatment and enhancement of human genetics; however, many thinkers do not consider it ethical to use this new method and direct manipulation of the human genome for therapeutic purposes or improvement of the physical and functional form and structure of human beings. They believe that even the possible fruitfulness of this technology in order to improve human morality does not pave the way for it to be ethical. First, this article explains genetic engineering and genetic enhancement in the field of biotechnology; then, it presents the reasons for and against the ethics of human genetic engineering in a logical formulation and examines and evaluates it. Playing the role of God, being unnatural, unoriginal, and the principle of respecting the rights of others are among the most important reasons given by moral opponents of genetic engineering in favor of their claim.