The effect of export composition and volume on labor demand by education level and urban and rural areas

Exports are one of the factors affecting production and employment in the economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the composition and volume of exports on changes in employment in different economic sectors by different levels of education as well as urban and rural areas using the input-output model between 2011 and 2006. For this purpose, the export matrix of 14 sectors of the economy was divided into two matrices, export volume (exports of all sectors of the economy) and export composition (share of each sector in total exports). Then, the effect of these two factors on employment in urban and rural areas, as well as the labor force with a higher level of education and less than higher education in the economic sectors were studied. The results of this study showed that both the change in the composition of exports and the volume of exports has increased employment in urban and rural areas. Also, labor employment with higher education and less than higher education has increased due to changes in the composition and volume of exports in the study period. The increase in labor force employment in urban areas due to changes in the composition and volume of exports has been greater than the increase in labor force employment in rural areas.