Child and Childhood from the Perspective of Philosophy and Literature

This research, with a macro view and based on the sociological method of knowledge, has sought to study childhood from the perspective of various sciences and sciences with a focus on philosophy and literature. In this regard, the researcher with the method of documentary analysis, first with a professional look at the study and selection of primary sources and then began to study and analyze. The results show that the view of philosophy on children and childhood is essentiality and the view of literature on children and childhood is completely constructive. Despite the differences in the approach of both areas, but both are criticized because the child is defined by adults .The philosopher, writer, producer of art and literature and etcetera with all their works based on the view of adults to Children from a powerful position. While philosophers and activists in the field of literature should note that children are not primordial or eternal beings, but are constructive and relative, and their relativity is not only based on the algebra of circumstances and context, but partly on the share of authority and action of children themselves. Childhood is not a stage of adulthood, but a definite and independent period.