Presenting the model of emergency evacuation and placement of temporary accommodation in areas 1 and 3 of Isfahan with a passive defense approach

Passive urban defense is considered a mechanism (strategy) of preparation in emergency situations or a deterrence strategy in the face of man-made, natural, and technological hazards. Non-active defense is considered one of the integral principles of war, so in today’s world, many countries that is famous in the field of military technology, in parallel with the advancement of research and production of intelligent and advanced military systems, paying special attention to non-active defense measures. Residents of cities are exposed to many possible risks and the first instinctive action after the occurrence of a risk (crisis) is to move away from the area of the risk effect. In a situation where many people decide to move away from the dangerous place at the same time, crowding becomes the main challenge. Emergency evacuation of people rescued from disasters located in the affected area is one of the general strategies and main activities in crisis management caused by unexpected events. In many dangerous incidents, the best option is to move the affected population to safe areas. In fact, evacuation and emergency accommodation are one of the main steps in facing all kinds of man-made and natural crises. Considering the strategic role of the Islamic Republic in the region and the political-geopolitical position of the metropolis of Isfahan, and according to the importance of improving the level of safety and security, as well as in the direction of communicating the general policies of the system in the field of passive defense and the need to implement this policy in all areas, it seems that the role of The development and guidance of cities is very significant from this point of view. Choosing the optimal place for the emergency or temporary settlement of populations affected by crisis is one of the issues that is always the concern of organizations responsible for crisis management. Being located near two very important nuclear centers within a radius of 10 and 100 kilometers, the city of Isfahan can be the main target of military attacks as well as terrorist attacks for several political reasons. At this point, when most of the focus is on urban terrorist attacks and there is a very high probability of such attacks in Isfahan city, it seems that addressing the issue of locating temporary accommodation and emergency evacuation to these centers after the attack can as one of the main categories related to passive defense. The main goal of the research is to provide a model for emergency evacuation routing and locating temporary accommodation spaces in order to meet the basic needs of accident survivors. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and applied research in terms of purpose. In order to achieve the goals of the research, it has been done by using spatial data and performing relevant analysis in the geographic information system and the multi-criteria decision-making model of AHP, VIKOR. In the next step, network analysis was used in GIS 10.8 Arc software to determine the optimal emergency evacuation route and to identify the nearest emergency accommodation centers. The statistical population of this research is experts in the urban area of Isfahan, and the sample size is 60 experts through theoretical saturation. The sampling method is snowball sampling. The results show that among the criteria affecting the location of temporary accommodation, the slope of the land with a score of 0.097 is the most important and criterion of access to welfare service complexes with a score of 0.021 is the least important criterion, according to experts. Also, based on the investigations of the lands in the northeastern part (the lands between Rahmatabad and Kameshche), a 30-kilometer boundary is suitable for temporary accommodation, and in the next step, optimal routes for emergency evacuation were presented to these centers