نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 72 (پاییز 1402)

The growth process of urbanization in the contemporary era has reduced the category of social capital, which can be the lack of connection between the body and the field of activity or specific performance in space. The public space of a commercial city is a place where people are present to trade and buy the necessities of life. For a long time, the market has been the main pillar in the cities to do this. The body of the markets is such that there is a proper coordination with the type of function in the created space. This research aims to screen the body-behavior components in the east-west of Kerman market based on fuzzy Delphi. In order to evaluate body-behavior components and features whose quality is determined by expert devices according to the desired quality index, Fuzzy and Matlab software are used and the output of fuzzy model is used as a result. The final class L is removed because it was less effective than other components. Kalbadi respondent in the field of social values with membership grade of 0.41, appropriate collection of rainwater with membership grade of 0.48, active volume to receive light and ventilation with value of 0.42, windows and physical and appearance characteristics with value of 0.4 and total area Ratio. The level to the ground is 0.45.

With a quick glance at Shiraz's urban landscape, one can see the chaos in the buildings and facades. In this study, we investigate and classify the facades and windows of residential buildings from the first Pahlavi period in Shiraz. Methods of qualitative research include content analysis, library studies, photography, field observation and sampling, drawing geometric analytical diagrams, and typology. The research shows the houses are of three types: 1- the houses of the early Pahlavi period (with a size of 500 to 800 meters, buildings are built on three sides and four sides, most of them are long houses and connected terraces with arches, completely covered and with windows, etc.) They're wooden, decorated in Qajar style, and have metal mesh in the basement.2- The houses in the middle of the first Pahlavi (the buildings on both sides of the construction, less than five hundred meters and one floor with a basement, are non-similar, but the doors and windows have a lot of decoration, semi-circular and rectangular two-part windows and they are gridded in the basement. They also have colored glass windows. 3- The late houses of the first side (the houses of the officials, often built on one side, divide the houses into three horizontal axes, which in the center part and define the entrance, have a projection or There are recesses. There are centauri, stairs and columns in front of the building where the main decorations are. Similar facades, houses over 800 meters, and windows with wooden and multi-part lattice features and colored glass.

In different social groups, attention to the environment and its elements have different aspects. And this has made the understanding of the beauty, meanings and interpretations of the signs dependent on the way they look. Effective factors are effective in shaping urban facades, which have a direct impact on the designers, employers and residents of these buildings. This research has been carried out with the aim of extracting and measuring the effectiveness of the effective components in the beauty of buildings in Tehran. This research has a combined qualitative and quantitative approach, which first extracts the effective components in the design of facades from the theoretical literature, then begins to reduce the data in the ATLASTI software to refine the variable, for this purpose, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 28 expert panelists. It takes place after extracting coding, it enters the phase of axial coding. The results obtained in the qualitative phase are compiled in the form of a questionnaire and randomly distributed among the three groups of employers, designers and experts for the intensity of the effect. The comparative results between these three groups were obtained with inferential statistics in the JMPSAS16 software. In the end, for the degree of correlation between the answers and the semantic differentiation of these groups, a graphical correlation is taken in the software. The results show that in the employers' group, the components of the type of materials, non-use of unusual and unfamiliar forms, age, objective image of the facade with The value of (1.000) is the highest factor and the lowest is related to the use of washable materials with the value of (0.254). In the group of designers, the component of not using unusual and unfamiliar forms, age, flexibility in execution, symmetry and rhythm with a value of (1.000) and the least related to gender with a value of (0.355) in the group of residents, the component of age, communication And proximity is with the value (1.000) and religion is the least related with the value (0.381).

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Due to the energy and material crisis in the current century, efforts have been made to use appropriate solutions to minimize materials and costs in various fields including construction in the world. One of the appropriate solutions is to use new materials and technologies. The use of new materials and technologies in Iran's architecture has been slower than the rest of the world. Preventing the wastage of national capital in the field of construction materials requires a review of approaches and the use of new solutions. This research is looking for how to achieve this goal in the construction industry, for this reason, it is necessary to find effective indicators to prevent damage in the building. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, experts have been selected and questioned using the Delphi method with snowball. In four steps, the indicators were extracted and the data was completed using a questionnaire. The results show that the indicators of "coordination in building dimensions" and "thoughtful productivity of new technology and materials" have a great effect in preventing the production of building waste.

Planning for sustainable regional development is one of the main concerns of active planners in the field of development to find a way to balance regional imbalances and reduce heterogeneity. Therefore, recognizing the heterogeneity of regions can play an important role in principled and more useful planning. The aim of this study is to prioritize the cities of Kermanshah province based on regional sustainable development indicators. This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study consists of all cities of Kermanshah province. According to the general census of 2016, the population of the province was equal to 1952434 people, who selected 384 people as a sample using Cochran's formula. To analyze the data, one-sample test, multivariate regression analysis, path analysis. The results of one-sample t-test of the situation of sustainable development indicators in Kermanshah province showed that the economic index with an average of 3.062 is higher than the desired limit and social indicators with an average of 2.941, physical index with an average of 2.947 and Institutional indices with an average of 2.895 are lower than the desired situation. The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the economic variable with a beta coefficient of 0.377 has the greatest impact on regional planning and the institutional variable with a beta coefficient of 0.143 has the least impact on regional planning. has it. The results of route analysis showed that the economic variable with an overall effect of 0.642 and the institutional variable with an overall effect of 0.143 have the least impact on regional planning in Kermanshah province.

Choosing a contractor is always one of the important and fundamental issues in organizations that define activities for outsourcing. Municipalities often use a pre-qualification evaluation stage before the final selection of a contractor. In many cases, the pre-qualification evaluation of contractors is done only based on qualitative evaluation criteria, such as experience, knowledge in the field, good track record, financial and equipment capacity, technical capacity and planning. The high sensitivity of the employer in the fair selection of the contractor causes the opinions of a group of experts to be used instead of the opinions of an expert, however, the unethical behavior of an expert in supporting a contractor and giving him a high score down to others to choose that contractor. In this article, an innovative method is proposed to avoid such an event. In the proposed method of this article, based on the points given by the experts to the contractors, the weighting coefficient of each expert's point to each contractor is determined and the point given by each expert to each contractor is modified based on the weighting factor. Then the selection of the contractor has been done using the group TOPSIS technique and by weighting the criteria based on Shannon's entropy method. The innovative method has been tested in 30 problems and the final result of the proposed method has been validated by removing the wrong expert opinion.