A review on the removal of toxic metal ions by polymer hydrogels

Today, continuous researches and extensive researches are being done in the world for the synthesis of new types of adsorbents, in order to remove toxic metals with high ionic absorption capacity along with non-toxic nature and biodegradable properties. Until now, various ionic impurities have been removed in different ways. High absorption capacity and performance, hydrophilic properties, regeneration ability and non-toxicity have made hydrogels a good competitor for removing various aquatic pollutants including heavy metal ions. Hydrogels have porous, three-dimensional structures and chemically sensitive functional groups that enable them to easily capture metal ions and dyes from wastewater and release these toxic pollutants by changing the conditions of the aqueous solution. The hydrophilic nature of hydrogel adsorbents causes a flexible network of polymer chains to form, which allows polluting molecules to quickly penetrate the network with water and stable complexes with functional groups. to form They are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers that absorb large amounts of water and swell to form a solid gel while maintaining their physical structure without dissolving. Due to their high potential for effective removal of heavy metals and dyes, they are very suitable for water and wastewater treatment. This article discusses recent advances in water and wastewater treatment by hydrogels and the selectivity, efficiency and reusability of hydrogels in this field.