Explaining the Principles and Criteria of Justice in the Islamic Government by Taking the Prophet’s Government as a Role Model

The realization of the new Islamic civilization depends on the formation of the Islamic government based on the principles governing it. Among these principles, justice is regarded as the most important one and the Holy Quran considers it as the main purpose of establishing the Islamic government. In order to analyze the position of justice in the Islamic government, its principles and criteria were extracted and evaluated by referring to the Quran and tradition, and by using the pattern of Ijtihadi method. The findings of the study show that the principle of justice in the Islamic government is based on the monotheistic principles by realization of divine sovereignty and refers to managing human affairs with God-seeking nature who is the manifestation of divine caliphate and His trustee on the earth. The Islamic government seeks to establish justice in the society by enjoying three principles of public responsibility guardianship (Takafful), balance and participation (I’alah).