The role of the political power in the development of the discourse of "religious pluralism" in Iranian Sufism (with emphasis on the Mongol era)

The influence of the political power factor on the strength and weakness of religious pluralism discourse in the thoughts of Muslim Sufis is a topic that this article examines its quantity and quality in the historical course of Sufism until the end of the seventh century (with an emphasis on the Mongol era). The studies showed that the stability and hegemony of religious exclusivism in Iranian society until the 7th century was the result of the link between the religious Legislators and political power; The removal of religious jurists (Al-fuqahāʾ) from political power has caused the weakness of jurisprudence-oriented discourses and the growth of Sufism, and as a result, the strengthening of the religious pluralism discourse in Sufi opinions. An example of the validity of this claim is the (non-religious and then religious) rule of the Mongols in Iran, which is examined in this research.