Clarifying the Relationship Between Theories of Normative Ethics and Qur’anic Moral Design

Theories of normative ethics are classified into three categories: consequentialist, task-oriented, and virtue-based, based on their interpretation of the criterion of right and wrong in moral actions and propositions. According to the philosophers of normative ethics, the three criteria (virtue / task / result) are distinct and cannot be combined. However, the findings of this study show that the Holy Qur'an offers comprehensive theories in terms of the breadth of its audience, not all of which are on the same moral and motivational level. Accordingly, it is possible to turn these three contradictory criteria into continuous variables by relying on "spectral attitudes" instead of demarcated attitudes and by organizing multiple Qur'anic evidences; In other words, instead of a "this or that" relationship between "duty", "virtue" and "result", the relationship of "all three / and" is established in a spectral and hierarchical manner that is at the lowest Next, pay attention to the worldly and otherworldly consequences of the moral act (respectively: selfishness / otherness / utilitarianism) and at a higher level, the virtuous nature of the action itself (conscientiousness) and finally, the real prosperity of man (virtue). Orientation) will be. In this model, the moral act is classified based on the study of divine pleasure, which is contained in all stages, and the closer a person is to this ideal, the more valuable his action will be.