Carnavalization in the novel “Barid Al-Layl”, by Hoda Barakat

The contemporary novel characterizes diversity in race, identities, ideologies, and languages to reflect societies. This diversity motivates human beings to live in the imaginary world of the novel and fight vigorously and stand against domination the same as in the objective world. Bakhtin, in his Dialogism theory, points out that a novel is a particular literary genre and has heteroglossia features based on social diversities. Different sounds in the novel interfere and establish a dialogue. Therefore, create a heteroglossia and polyphony world. Carnival, which is the focus of this article, is a kind of dialogue and heteroglossia in which inferior and minority voices are allowed to speak. In this atmosphere of ridiculous carnival, the inferior voice is exalted. In the carnival atmosphere, the body is given a grotesque character, and social crises and definite laws are violated by ridicule and humor. Through a descriptive-analytic approach, the present article examines the concepts of Carnaval in the discourse of the Barid Al-Layl, by Hoda Barakat, winner of the International Prize for Arabic Fiction. This article studies the heteroglossia of the novel by examining the elements of carnival. The results indicated that through the formal language of letters, different characters, and heteroglossia, this novel forms a double-voiced discourse and illustrates the characteristics of each of these languages. This novel is a carnival in opposition to dominion and power and aims to aware human societies. It addresses the worries and anxieties of human beings, especially Arabs, and talks about their pain during destructive wars and forced migration. It intends to realize the dreams of freedom and equality.