A comparative study of the governance of science, technology and innovation in Iran and selected countries

The development of sciences, technology and innovation is one of the main concerns of any country, such as Islamic Republic of Iran. One of the new approaches in development is the governance model. In this theory, changing the paradigm of the role of government and government provides the basis for equal participation of civil society, private sector and government in the decision-making process. In this regard, using the experiences of other countries, can be effective (by considering the underlying conditions).The purpose of this article is to introduce and study the macro-structure of the system of science, technology and innovation and how to interact and cooperate with each other. In other words, the purpose of this article is the governance of the science, technology and innovation system. This research is descriptive study and based on analysis and study of documents and resources (library studies). The three countries of Portugal, Norway and Japan were compared with Iran in terms of three indicators of institutional separation, coordination mechanism and financing. Finally, according to the results of the article, it was suggested in the short term, following the governance model of Portugal and for minimizing overlaps, the distinction between thematic areas should be considered; in the long term, according to the Norwegian governance model, the solution is to strengthen the Ministry of Science and the high concentration of government budgets in it. And also, for strengthening the Supreme Council of Science, Research, and Technology (SCSRT) under the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) that has active role in allocating and directing research and technology budget is maintained. According to the model of governance in Japan, a close relationship should be established between the MSRT with Iran National Innovation Fund (INIF).