Strategic View Management Framework of Sacred Cities (Case Study: City of Qom)

Visual obstruction of views that make it possible to see the shrine of the Imams (PBUH), the city’s strategically important landmark, results in the destruction of “Strategic Views.” Moreover, it causes a lack of identity in “Sacred Cities,” and leads to a loss of sense of belonging, safety, delight, peace, memorability, and other qualities obtained from the glorious display of the shrine building in different layers of the city. However, precise measurements can protect and enhance the value of these national and transnational treasures as cultural-historical heritage. This research is descriptive-analytical. In data collection, the bibliographic method and survey were used. In analysis, techniques of geometric definition for protection of selected views, visual management plans, height analysis of profiles in GIS, and qualitative visual assessment were used. Accordingly, by compiling the strategic view management framework of sacred cities, a document was presented that can be used in a practical process to organize the sacred city’s visual discipline on a large, medium, and small scale. This creates a visual connection between the city’s public spaces and the shrine. Focusing on this process in the city of Qom, where strategic views are under threat, has led to the identification of views, the provision of visual management guidance, and the calculation of height criteria for sensitive areas to high-rise buildings. The application of this framework in Qom has led to the identification of 16 viewing places (3, 2, 8, and 3 panoramic, linear, inside-river, and townscape viewing places, respectively) as well as 18 viewing locations and 26 strategic assessment points. The present research considers this document to guarantee the protection and management of the city’s strategic view. Moreover, to arrange and organize the visual discipline of other sacred cities, such as Mashhad, Karbala, Najaf, etc., it is suggested that the visual management framework document be put on the agenda as an efficient plan.