Multiple Approaches in Analyzing the story of "Faqih and Father" from Golestan

Golestan Saadi, due to the comprehensiveness of the theme and the breadth of different dimensions of human experience, has many potential capabilities to look at it from different angles. The theoretical basis of this research is based on Bresler's point of view that relativistic criticism does not simply believe in the existence of a single theory and uses various and even contradictory theories. As the absolutist approach shows the hidden angles of a work, it ignores many other angles; therefore, absolutism is not efficient to achieve deep insight and show the potential powers of the text. According to Italo Calvino, the Italian writer, classic works always create a cloud of critical discourses and every re-reading of them is a new discovery. By adopting different approaches in reading a story from Golestan Saadi, in addition to analyzing the hidden angles of the text, this article tries to show the brevity and compactness of the concept as an artistic aspect of this story. In this research, the story of "Faqih and Father" from the second chapter has been analyzed with the approaches of new criticism, narratology, rhetoric, intertextuality and moral criticism. In the new criticism, the issue of objective tension and conjunction as well as the implicit meanings of some words have been discussed. In narratology, the narrative aspects of the text have been analyzed, especially in terms of conflict and narrator's voice. In the rhetorical analysis, the anecdote is looked at from the point of view of the way it affects the audience and the method of reasoning, intertextual analysis is also presented in the form of the use of verse, internal anecdote, allusion to Sana'i poetry and the association of similar content in other works of Saadi. In ethical criticism, the text has been reread with the approach of descriptive and normative ethics. These approaches can be expanded based on the ability of the text and the ability of the reader to actualize the angles and interpretations of the text. Each of these approaches is like a ray that shines on the dark corners of the story. The result of such an analysis is receiving the totality of the work of art and a concise understanding that can be understood not at the word level, but at the semantic level.