Studying the spatial and temporal distribution of wind speed, fog, dust storm and hail on the roads of Semnan province using GIS technique (Case study: Semnan-Shahroud and Miami-Jajram axis)

This research aimed to analyze climatic parameters, including wind speed, dust storms, fog, and hail, using the GIS technique. The data used for this research were collected from Amirieh, Bastam, Foroomad, Qaleh Now-e Kharaqan, Hosseinian, Kohan, Mehdishahr, Majen, and Nardin in Semnan province. Following that, accidents on the main roads of Semnan-Shahrud and Mayamey-Jajarm over six years (2016-2021) were examined. Maps were produced regarding accident risk for each meteorological parameter on the mentioned roads using ArcGIS 10.3 software, divided into five situations: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. A comparison was made between Kriging and IDW as interpolation methods, and it was found that Kriging outperformed the IDW method according to the criteria evaluated by R2, RMSE, and MAE. The results showed that the level of accident risk was reported to range from low to high for wind speed, hail, fog, and dust storms parameters on the Semnan-Shahrood road. According to the findings, the level of accident risk for the climatic parameters of fog and dust storms is very low to moderate on the Mayamey-Jajarm road. Also, the level of risk for wind speed and hail parameters was assessed as low to high and low to medium, respectively.