Juridical Rules Governing Punishment of Ta'zir in Imami Jurisprudence

One of the controversial topics of Ta'zir is the issue of the amount of Ta'zir. A problem that faces two completely opposite approaches. In the first approach, some jurists have expressed different and sometimes irreconcilable theories about the amount of Ta'zir by simply relying on the words of some narrations or by following their previous jurists, which makes it impossible to achieve a single theory. In the second approach, other jurists, according to other Hadiths and also the content of the Hadiths of Ta'zir, consider it indefinite without determining the amount and it is absolutely at the discretion of the imam or ruler to determine its amount according to expediency. Ta'zir is a punishment whose amount is not specified in shari'a, so the main basis of Ta'zir is its "non-determinedness". There is disagreement about whether ta'zir is exclusive to flogging or includes other punishments, some consider Ta'zir exclusive to flogging, in contrast, the famous Shiite and Sunni jurists believe that Ta'zir is not intended for flogging. From the appearance of hadiths, this meaning is not taken.