Sectological and Evolutionary Roots of Shaykhayn Punishment Narratives after Their Reappearance in Shiite Narrative Texts

Nine narratives in Biḥār al-Anwār refer to the punishment and burning of Shaykhayn by Qāīm. The problem of this research is to date and identify the sectological roots of these narratives as well as their evolutionary. Examining the narrative sources of the Shiite sect, namely Zaidiyyah, Ismailiyyah, Nasiriyyah, and the Twelver Shiʿa, shows that the origin of this discourse goes back to the circles of exaggerators of the second century and later, and its explanation and detail was made by Khasibi, the leader of the Nasirians. Exaggerated thoughts, the flow of populism and anti-Arabism have played a significant role in the formation and growth of this discourse, and the principle of seeking innocence from Imami theological principles has caused these traditions to enter into some Imami sources. In the earlier works of Imamiyyah, this punishment can be seen in the form of brief and similar phrases only at the end of Kamāluddin's two narratives, which is a summary of what was prevalent among exaggerators before. In the chain of narrators of both narratives of Ṣadūq, the names of those accused of exaggeration appear. Dalāil al-Imāmah - an exaggerated book with an unknown author - also has narratives on this subject that are influenced by al-Hidāyatul Kubrá. Biḥār al-Anwār has increased the frequency of narratives by repeating the narratives of the exaggerators and Imamiyyah several times. The repetition of these narrations in the sources of the Akhbarians of the 11th century and later highlighted this issue in the Imamiyyah intellectual system, while the roots of these narratives reach the exaggerators and the Nasiris. This research has presented its results with the method of content analysis by going through steps such as data collection, categorization and coding of narrations, their quantitative and qualitative comparison, and the review of textual attributions of narratives.