Critical Discourse Analysis of Chicago by Alaa Aswani based on Norman Fairclough's theory

The critical discourse analysis is one of the new trends examining the social dimensions of discourse. In this approach, discourse is examined in the context of the social situation contained in the text. One of its pioneers is Norman Fairclough, whose interest in critical discourse analysis is related to language and society. This approach is based on three levels: description, Interpretation and explanation. Chicago novel is one of the most famous modern Egyptian ones by Alaa al-Aswani, which discusses Egyptian issues in a premodern context. In this article, we examine the critical analysis of Alaa al-Aswani's novel "Chicago" based on three levels of Norman Fairclough's theory in a descriptive-analytical manner. The results show that words and structures such as; pronouns and adverbs,and the type of news and composition sentences play an important role in the novel's discourse and events. The level of Interpretation, the context of the discourse and the type of ideology in the text show us that Aswani criticizes colonial countries such as the United States and the dictatorial regime of Egypt, and points out that Egypt is the center of a great civilization. The author reflects on the level of domination and ideology in the text, and the most important ideology in this novel is the critique of US intervention in the Middle East and Egypt, as well as the dictatorial regime of Hosni Mubarak supported by the United States. He also discusses other issues such as; Westernization of intellectuals, racism, dictatorship, poverty, and authoritarianism .