A Critique of the Rule of Necessity in Kant’s Philosophy and Post-Kantian Theology from the Perspective of Islamic Philosophy

This research has put the negation of the rule of necessity and the principle of causality in Kant’s practical philosophy and post-Kantian theology to the test of Islamic philosophy by a citation method. According to this research, concepts such as transcendental creation, transcendental negation, dialectic, Dasein (existence) and the idea are the watchwords that are the common boundary between the two theological sects of Mu'tazilism (Arabic: المعتزله al-muʿtazilah or اعتزال iʿtizāl) and Ashʿarism (Arabic: الاشعریه: al-ʾAshʿarīyah, or Ashʿarī) in Islamic theology and two currents of liberal theology and dialectical theology are in Christian theology, and these currents have been inevitably led to the negation of the rule of necessity and the principle of causality, which had no result other than the entering of the imagination of composition in the essence of God, accepting the notion of “the existence of Ajwaf” (Arabic: وجود اجوف , hollow existence) and preventing Sharia (Arabic: شریعه, Romanized: sharīʿa) law in favor of free will. This was the immediate consequence of the separation of philosophy from the defensive apologetics or the subordination of philosophy to the defensive apologetics in theology according to this research. Returning to the early philosophical order under a monotheistic worldview and subordinating the defensive apologetics to metaphysical philosophy is the suggested solution of this research to solve the issue.