A Comparative Study of Policies and Experiences of Cultural Heritage Preservation in Historic Cities Cities of Urmia, Iran and Turin, Italy

The two countries of Iran and Italy have a very ancient history and, accordingly, magnificent effects in the architecture and urban planning of their historical-urban centers. Protection of this rich cultural heritage on an urban scale requires the existence and implementation of related laws and policies. This comparative research is an analytical and descriptive method, with the study and analysis of documents of comprehensive and detailed city plans in Persian, Italian and English, field investigations in the two historical cities of Urmia and Turin, while examining the laws and policies of the two countries in the protection of cultural heritage in cities. Historically, it examines the heritage of both cities and policies to preserve them. The comparative study of these laws in terms of the type and quality of the planning system in comprehensive and detailed plans along with the analysis of the policies of these two countries for more efficient protection of cultural heritage in line with sustainable urban management are the goals of this research. The results showed that in addition to many cultural similarities, especially in the knowledge of cultural heritage and works, both societies have commonalities both in terms of perceptive philosophy in the discussion of cultural heritage protection and in the type of interventions in historical contexts. Despite the developmental similarities of both cities and, as a result, similar programs in the field of cultural heritage protection, intervention methods in Urmia are more traditional and native, and in Turin based on decentralized modern planning and policies. With the intelligent use of scientific management, from the strategy of spreading the pressure of uses and activities depleting the central-historical context to other neighboring units and using new technologies, while effectively protecting the cultural heritage, Turin has strengthened its tourism as the main source of urban income, which this intelligent approach For the cities of Iran, including Urmia, in obtaining alternative incomes for oil, including tourism, is in line with sustainable urban development.