Investigating the role of passive defense in reducing natural disasters (earthquake) to enhance security and justice of Tabriz metropolitan

In general, citizens' lives in cities and metropolitans are subject to a wide range of risks and crises. The urban management and planning in reducing the social spatial disagreements of the urban community has become especially important. Management of crisis means the planning and operation of governmental, nongovernmental, municipal and public authorities and executive bodies by observing, integrated comprehensive and coordinated crisis analysis using existing tools try to prevent crises or, in case of occurrence, take the necessary measures to reduce the effects, prepare the necessary requirements, cope, speed up the relief and improve the situation to normal and routine reconstruction. Space justice is a fair and democratic distribution of social interests and responsibilities in space with different levels. In addition to the military and political content of defense on the urban, national, and regional scale, defenses of established space constituents are also used. Therefore, the overall purpose of this research is to analyze the role of passive defense in the safety of cities in the event of natural crises, in particular, earthquakes in the metropolitan area of Tabriz. In this survey study, the method is descriptive and the type of research is applied. In order to collect data from 1600000 participants in Tabriz, two types of questionnaires were used. The first type (384 persons) was 180 people from target areas (Yusef Abad, Ahmad Abad, Seylab and Rezvan Shahr) and 204 people from other neighborhoods. The second type, among the experts and managers of crisis management, was 118 individuals, selected by random sampling according to the Morgan table. The participants were selected through simple cluster random sampling. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a relationship between urban planning in Tabriz and passive defense in the safety of urban environments. The positive, direct and incremental relationship between the two variables "urban planning" and "economic planning" with "passive defense" was confirmed with a high confidence of 99%. There was also a positive, direct and incremental relationship between the two variables "social planning" and "passive defense" with a high confidence of 95%.