Antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams in bacteria: Beta- Lactamases

B- lactam antibiotics is one of the most important antibiotic used worldwide for bacterial infectiouse diseases. By producing beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria the central ring in beta-lactam antibiotics is hydrolyzed, and antibiotic inactivate and develop resistance.

In this article, it is discussed.a brief review of various methods of inactivation of beta-lactam antibiotics by bacteria.

This review article has been written by studying the articles that have been published in scientific journals regarding the inactivation mechanisms of various beta-lactam antibiotics. 

Beta-lactam antibiotics, by binding to the penicillin-binding protein present in the bacterial cell membrane, inhibit transpeptidases and break down the peptidoglycan, resulting in the destruction of the cell wall and the death of the bacteria. Beta-lactamase enzymes hydrolyze and inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics before they reach the penicillin-binding protein in the cytoplasmic membrane. So far, more than 140 different types of beta-lactamase have been identified, which are classified based on different criteria and effective on different classes of beta-lactam antibiotics.