Mt. Kallar, a home for unique biota in the heart of Zagros: an ideal option for a national park in the alpine regions

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is one of the rich biodiversity regions of Iran with remarkable climate diversity. Different types of ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, rivers, meadows, and alpine areas can be found in this small province. Mount Kallar is the third-highest mountain in this province. The special geographical location and biodiversity of this mountain have attracted many botanists and tourists. The life and survival of plants, animals, livelihoods, and food security of many people living in this area depend on this mountain. Numerous valleys, riparian zone, springs, wetlands, different altitudes, and different geological formations have caused a high diversity of plant species in the diverse habitats of this mountain. The percentage of endemism peaks in the subalpine and alpine zone, but these areas are rarely under protection in Iran. With its alpine areas and high species richness, this mountain is suitable option for an alpine protected area. This mountain is home to lots of species, some of which such as Hedysarum plumosum Boiss. & Hausskn., Clinopodium kallaricum (Jamzad) Bordbar and Dionysia bachtiarica Bornm. & Alex. have only been reported from this mountain. In addition, it is one of the settlements of brown bears and other large mammals in Iran. The most important factors that have caused threats to the ecosystems of this mountainous region include overgrazing, harvesting of plants, hunting, and land use change. It is necessary to protect this mountain by taking the necessary measures and increasing public awareness.