Epistemological requirements of science policy making in Islamic-Iranian tradition

A review of the works related to the science policy making indicates the classification of this scientific field under social sciences and specifically, social studies of science and sociology of science, which itself is rooted in the opinions of classical sociological thinkers such as Durkheim and Marx. In this field, some of the theories examine social studies of science or science policy making in different perspectives of the modern world, and some of them refer to the general distinction of all modern perspectives with the pre-modern world, especially the Christian Middle Ages. In this article, by emphasizing the perspectives of the second group such as Michel Foucault, Thomas Cohen and Bruno Latour, the developments related to the break of modern science from the medieval Christian world were examined in terms of subject and foundations. Also, the relationship between the genesis of social studies of science and science policy making in the 20th century with previous periods of modern science was analyzed. Finally, according to the metaphysical view of science in the Islamic-Iranian world, especially before the encounter with the modern world, based on Islamic wisdom, the epistemological requirements of social studies and the science policy making in the Islamic-Iranian tradition was considered.