Explanation of customs provisions in Iran's contracts with Russia in the Nasseri and Mozaffari eras with emphasis on Wallerstein's world system theory (1287-1324/1870-1906AD)

Given the need for international relations and the role of customs law in the development of any country, the present article recognizes the customs provisions in Iran's agreements with Russia. This article describes the results of customs exemptions in the contracts concluded with Russia during the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah (1267-1275 AH / 1848-1896 AD) and Muzaffar al-Din Shah (1275 -1285 AH/ 1896-1907 AD) by descriptive-analytical method and using library documents and resources. based on Wallerstein's theory of the world order. The main question of the research is why in the agreements concluded with Russia; was the country's customs revenue considered to guarantee Iran's debts? It is assumed that Iran's economic weakness and Russia's lack of confidence in the financial strength of the governments in power in Iran, there was a doubt that if Iran does not fulfill its obligations under the agreements, or short, how to compensate for the damage?During this period, due to the weakness of Iran's political and economic structures, various countries and Russia included provisions in the amount of customs tariffs and tax exemptions in their peace treaties and trade agreements with Iran. Gradually, the exemption from customs duties on imported goods, Iran's handicrafts and workshops became defenseless in competition with imported products. Guaranteeing the payment of customs revenues as a backing of obligations, which was one of the most important revenues of the Qajar government and always poured large figures into the treasury of the government, could solve Russia's doubts about paying Iran's debts. They became the third government. Although the country expanded trade relations with Russia due to its strategic position, trade in northern Iran was monopolized by Russia. With the establishment of the Ministry of Finance and the annexation of customs to it in 1911 (1329 AH) the customs structure was improved, but still prevented tariff protections for domestic products. Iran was one of the peripheral countries during this period.