The emergence of the Mu'tazilites in the Islamic world and its reflection in the travelogue of the sage Nasser Khosrow

After the demise of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), there were differences among the Muslim ummah due to differences in different interpretations of the book, tradition and political developments and cultural relations of other nations. It was at this time that various sects emerged. One of these sects was the Kharijites, who considered the perpetrators of major sins as infidels, and the other group was the Marja'is, who opposed the Kharijite idea. This difference between the Kharijites and the Marja'i led to the emergence of the Mu'tazilites. The Mu'tazilites are one of the rational-argumentative sects whose founder is Wasel Ibn Atta. At the end of the Umayyad period, this group used the power vacuum to propagate their profession and ideology. In the first period, Bani Abbas continued their intellectual activity and used the translation movement and became acquainted with philosophical thoughts and equipped themselves with reason and philosophy. . During the reign of Mamun, Mutasim and Wasiq approached political power and made great progress. This sect faced problems and weakened in the era of Mutawakel. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emergence, growth, expansion and extinction of the Mu'tazilite sect. The method of work in this article is descriptive-analytical with reference to historical evidence.