Comparative Institutionalism: The Typology of Institutional Arrangements of Elite Countries

To manage the brain drain phenomenon, paying attention to the special role of institutions influencing an institutional framework, promises a new approach to dynamic analyzes of social phenomena. The institutional structure of each country effectively influences institutional qualities (efficiency and legitimacy) and institutional arrangements (centralization-decentralization). The governing institutional arrangements determine why, in some societies, the brain drain has become a social issue?The comparative evaluations focused on the impact of institutional quality and the type of institutional arrangements of elite countries on the brain drain in this paper, based on the secondary analysis of international data. The comparison of the average institutional quality of countries shows higher institutional, political, economic and legal qualities for European countries, and vice versa, for Asian countries such as Iran, we see a low average of institutional qualities. On the one hand, institutional concentration in elite countries has shaped a set of non-developmental institutional arrangements and, on the other hand, by imposing institutional constraints, has increased the output of elites from these countries and their non-return to their countries. The institutional transfer of the Iranian elite to advanced countries focuses on institutionalized institutional arrangements in the country, which, according to available data, indicates that weaknesses in the rule of law, low job security and limited economic and political freedoms are limited.