Analysis of the Concept of Opposition and Otherness in the Ode of Khafqa Al-Zhari Based on the Theory of Lewis Cozer

Social confrontation is a part of social reality and many actions in society are formed based on it. Louis Coser is one of the thinkers who investigated confrontation and its function in the context of society and unlike other social thinkers, he considers the concept of confrontation to have two positive and negative functions. According to him, the concept of power and the clash of different ideologies in a confrontational situation is an issue that can be the cause of confrontation, and the set of common goals can be a factor in connecting people and groups. Based on the theory of Cozer's contrast, the present descriptive-analytical research examines the ode "Khafqa Al-Zari" by Ghazi Zeiba, a contemporary Jordanian poet. The purpose of this article is to investigate the representation of confrontation and its role in the formation of social relations and ideology and the dominant discourse in the poet's poems. The results obtained from the present research show that the poet has drawn various social confrontations in his poetry: the confrontation between intellectuals and other groups of people and politicians, or the confrontation between the group and the Arab self with the foreign other. Calling for participation and incompatibility and struggle and emphasis on cultural ideas and common values is the poet's solution for the integration and realization of intra-group or national solidarity against the alien other. By drawing a confrontational situation between himself and the occupying other, the poet considers it important to have a dominant discourse that can be a sign of confrontation and believes that this discourse leads to the ability and production of power in confronting Israel.