Comparative Validation of Internal Debilitations about the Issuance of Hadiths, from the Perspective of the Two School, Focusing on the Style of the Wise Men

One of the methods of validating the issuance authenticity (Ḥojjiyate Ṣoduri) of hadiths is to examine the debilitations (Taẕ'ifaat) introduced into it, with the criterion of concentration (Irtikāz) and the method of the wise men (sireh 'oqalā). The comparative study of the debilitations mentioned in the traditions of the two schools (Fariqayn) paves the way for a better understanding of the hadith, jurisprudence and principles of Islamic schools and clearly shows the strengths and weaknesses of the foundations of ijtihad (Mabāni Ijtihādi). In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, we point out the most important internal causes of debilitation, including the muniment (Sanadi) and textual causes of debilitating in Shia and Sunni traditions.Paying attention to the double standards in validation, the invalidity of the Rijāli debilitations and confirmations (Towthiqāt), the banning of writing hadith books, and the lack of distinction between Rijaali justice (the narrator's truthfulness) and jurisprudence justice ('idālate Feqhi) in the school of the Sunnis, show the strength of the principles and ijtihad of the shi'a over other Islamic schools on this matter. Also, contrary to the principles of shi'a, the rule of justice of the companions has closed the way for any kind of rational examination of the hadiths of Sunnis.155 Intellectual and religious biases (Ta'aṣṣobāt) have strongly influenced their Rijaali judgments, and even though, in the opinion of some religious scholars, any kind of science of principles non-rule-based issues as well as the rules that are used to understand religious propositions by intermediations or are not used in the way of understanding religion.