Effect of Nano Micronutrients and Growth Regulators on Wheat Grain Quality in Low Irrigation Conditions

Improper use of chemical fertilizers has caused a lack of balance of nutrients, especially trace elements, and attention to improving the quality of wheat grain is one of the important issues along with the quantity of production of this product is important. Application of growth regulators, especially plant hormones (such as cytokinin), by acting on the antioxidant system and plant-resource relations of plants, as a solution to reduce the effects of environmental stresses at the molecular, cellular levels, Biochemical, physiological as well as performance enhancing. Nutrient deficiency can be seen in almost all farms in the world and the application of foliar application of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, selenium, can have beneficial effects on plant photosynthesis and quantitative growth and quality of wheat grain. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the Nano micronutrients and also the use of cytokinin hormone on the quantitative and qualitative properties of wheat under different irrigation regimes.

This study was conducted in two regions of Karaj and Hamadan in 2019-2020 crop year as a split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments include irrigation regimes with three levels (irrigation at 40% available moisture discharge throughout the growing season (control), Normal irrigation in planting date to pollination and irrigation at 60% available moisture discharge, normal irrigation in planting date to pollination then cut off irrigation), as the main and factorial factor of low-consumption Nano-elements with five levels: control (no Nano-micronutrients), zinc, iron, selenium and a combination of three elements) and cytokinin use time With four levels (control (non-consumption), consumption in flowering stage, consumption in lactation stage and consumption in flowering stage + milking) were evaluated as a sub-factor. Traits such as grain protein, fresh gluten, grain potassium, grain phosphorus, grain zinc, zeleni sediment volume and grain hardness were measured.

The results indicate that the effects of irrigation, cytokinin and Nano-micronutrient treatments on the studied traits were significant, but the interaction effects of these treatments were not significant. The results showed that the highest values of the most studied traits in this study were related to normal irrigation in planting date to pollination then cut off irrigation. Co-consumption of micronutrients Zinc + iron + selenium compared to other micronutrient element treatments increased the traits of this study and the highest values of traits in cytokinin treatments were related to the use of cytokinin in flowering + lactation and lactation stages. The highest amount of grain protein is related to irrigation treatments in 40% of available moisture discharge (normal) in the amount of (14.42%), as well as zinc + iron + selenium in the amount of (14.51%) and application of cytokinin in the flowering stage + Milking and milking treatment were with values (13.94%) and (13.65%), respectively.

Drought stress (normal irrigation to pollination and then complete cessation of irrigation) caused a 28.73% increase in protein compared to normal irrigation conditions and the combined application of Nano micronutrients (zinc + iron + selenium) increased the protein by 30.95% Compared to the control and the application of cytokinin in the flowering stage + flowering, milking and milking treatment increased by (26.15%) and (23.52%) compare to control, respectively.