مجله تولید گیاهان زراعی
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) belongs to the Amaranth family and is native to the Andes. In recent decades, the cultivation of this plant has extended. One of the reasons for paying attention to this plant is its ability to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. It has a higher protein content than wheat, barley, corn and rice. On the other hand, plant seeds supply all the essential amino acids (including lysine, methionine and cysteine) needed by humans. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on the amount of micronutrients and protein percentage in quinoa seeds.

An experiment was planted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications on August 7, 2017. Experimental treatments included three superior genotypes (Sadough, Titicaca and NSRCQB). Genotype in sub-plot and irrigation water salinity at 3 levels of 2, 10 and 17 dS/m were located in the main plot. Finally, grain yield, saponin content (foam height), grain size and amount of micronutrients in grain and grain protein percentage were measured after saponification.

The effect of salinity stress on 1000-grain weight, grain yield, grain size (1.7-2, 1.4-1.7 mm), foam height, iron, zinc, calcium content and protein yield were significant. Sadough cultivar had the highest 1000-seed weight and grain yield. Sadough and Titicaca cultivar had the highest percentage of large seeds and small seeds, respectively. With increasing salinity, seed yield of Titicaca cultivar decreased by 13% per unit increasing irrigation water salinity, while in Sadough and NSRCQB genotypes, there was no significant difference with non-saline level. With increasing salinity, the lowest foam height was related to NSRCQB genotype. The interaction effect of salinity stress and genotype on grain yield, foam height, percentage of iron, zinc, calcium, protein and protein yield was significant. With increasing salinity, iron content in Titicaca cultivar, zinc content in all three genotypes, nitrogen in Sadough and NSRCQB, calcium in Titicaca, protein percentage in Sadough and NSRCQB increased significantly compared to non-saline conditions. With increasing salinity, the highest increase slope among micronutrients was related to grain. Protein yield in Sadough and NSRCQB cultivars was not affected by salinity increase, while in Titicaca cultivar decreased by 13% per unit of irrigation water salinity.

With increasing salinity up to 10 dS/m, the seed yield of three quinoa genotypes was not affected and this plant is recommended for exploitation of saline water resources. Sadough cultivar was the best among the three genotypes. The percentage of micronutrients iron, calcium, zinc and grain protein increased under saline conditions and despite the decrease in grain yield, the protein yield per square meter was not affected. The rate of increase in micronutrients and decrease in yield with increasing salinity of irrigation water is affected by genotype. Since the quantity and quality of quinoa seeds are not affected by water salinity, it can be effective in improving food security in marginal areas.

Heavy metal pollution is becoming a serious problem for agricultural lands and a great threat to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Lead is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, which is the second heavy metal after arsenic in terms of toxicity and occurrence. One of the important aspects of tolerance of non-living stresses including heavy metals in plants is the role of plant growth regulators. Among these growth regulators, we can mention brassinosteroid, which plays an important role in inducing the reaction of plants to many abiotic stresses such as heavy metals. As a messenger molecule, this compound increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species. In the production of the leguminous family, the toxicity caused by heavy metals has a significant effect. Therefore, the present research is aimed at investigating the effect of the heavy metal lead and the moderating effect of brassinolide.

This experiment was conducted in the spring and summer of 1400 in a potted form in a greenhouse located in Ray City in order to investigate the role of brassinolide application in reducing the toxicity caused by lead heavy metal stress in the pinto bean plant variety. This research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were 1) control (no application of lead and brassinolide) (T1). 2) lead stress (application of 200 mg/kg of soil from a source of lead nitrate) (T2). 3) lead stress + seed treatment with brassinolide. Concentration of 0.1 mg/liter for 12 hours (T3). 4) Lead stress + seed treatment with brassinolide with a concentration of 0.2 mg/liter for 12 hours (T4). 5) Lead stress + spraying Brassinolide with a concentration of 0.1 mg/liter from the 4-leaf stage during 3 stages with an interval of 7 days (T5). During 3 stages with an interval of 7 days (T6).

The results of this research showed that the vegetative traits all decreased due to the use of lead and the toxicity of this heavy metal, but biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes increased along with root lead. This method increased the resistance of pinto beans to lead stress. The results of the mean comparisons showed that the highest seed yield with an average of 18.31 gr/plant was obtained from the control treatment (no use of lead and brassinolide) and the lowest amount with an average of 8.22 grams per plant was obtained from the treatment of lead toxicity with an amount of 200 ml g/kg and lack of brassinolide consumption were found to moderate the effect of lead. Also, among the treatments in which brassinolide was used as a compound preventing the harmful effects of the heavy metal lead, the highest amount with an average of 13.84 grams per plant was related to the use of 0.2 mg/liter as a foliar spray, which indicates The superiority of using brassinolide as a foliar spray is compared to other methods and consumption amounts.

These results showed that seed pretreatment and foliar spraying with brassinolide can be used as a useful method to tolerate lead stress in beans by reducing lead absorption, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and improving the greenness index and water condition of the plant.

A new dimension in agricultural science has been opened up by the rapid development of computer-based information systems. Physiological processes of plant growth and development can be represented mathematically with a plant simulation model. Many studies have used simulation models to quantitatively analyze the effects of different environmental and management factors on the processes of agricultural plants due to the capability to simulate different processes. Since there is limited data on the ability of CERES-Maize to simulate maize under different nitrogen management treatments in Mazandaran, It took place in Qaemshahr city, and involved recalibration of the CERES-Maize model based on graphical representations and statistical analyses of the performance and physiological traits of this crop.

In order to simulate the physiological traits of maize using CERES-Maize model in different nitrogen treatments, an experiment was carried out in Qarakhil, a research farm of Mazandaran Agricultural Research Center, during 2017 and 2018 as randomized completely block design in four replications. The 10 treatments used in this research included: N1: not use of nitrogen (control), N2: use of 60 kg n ha-1 before planting, N3: use of 120 kg n ha-1 before planting, N4: use of 180 kg n ha-1 before planting, N5: Use of 60 kg n ha-1 in two stages (50% before planting + 50% in stage R1), N6: Use of 120 kg n ha-1 in two stages (50% before planting + 50% in R1), N7: use 180 kg n ha-1 in two stages (50% before planting + 50% in R1), N8: 60 kg n ha-1 in 3 stages (one third before planting + one third in stage R1 + one third in stage R3), N9: 120 kg n ha-1in 3 stages (one third before planting + one third in stage R1 + one third in stage R3), N10: 180 kg n ha-1in 3 stages ( One third was before planting + one third at R1 stage + one third at R3 stage).

It was shown that the model had an acceptable accuracy in simulating the yield, biomass and nitrogen level of a shoot at harvest time. It has also been shown that the trait model does not accurately simulate the leaf area index as well as other traits. According to linear regression analysis, R2 coefficients for the calibration and validation data of the model were 0.69 and 0.57, respectively,. Model validation showed a coefficient of explanation of 0.81, while calibration showed a coefficient of explanation of 0.79. Based on the two-year data, the simulated nitrogen value does not differ significantly from the measured value at 0.95 probability level. The model provided a 0.87 explanation coefficient for the difference between simulated and measured shoot nitrogen, thus indicating its accuracy in simulating total shoot nitrogen over the two-year period.

As a result of this research, the highest yield was achieved in the years 2017 and 2018 with 120 kg n ha-1 applied to the soil as 50% of the base + 50% in R1 stage. In view of the obtained results, the CERES-Maize model can be used as a suitable simulation model to find the optimal nitrogen fertilizer management strategy for maize. For generalizable results, this model can also be applied to interpreting climate data in the northern region of the country in terms of potential production, limitations, and reduction of long-term field experiments.

Lentils are one of the most important crop plants in rotation.Lentil seed yield is strongly influenced by environments and breeders often determine the stability of high yield genotypes across environments before recommending a stable cultivar for release. Genotypial adaptability to environmental fluctuations is important for the stabilization of crop production over regions and years.Identification of high- yield genotypes with adaptation to a wide range of environments is one of the major goals in crop breeding programs. The challenge of the interaction of genotype × environment is one of the main issues in plant breeding. Various statistical methods to estimate the interaction of genotype × environment and choice the stable and productive genotype(s) have been introduced. One of the applications of Non-Parametric methods is determination of genotypes rank in different environments, which is also used as a measuring stability. A stable genotype shows similar ranks across different environments and has minimum rank variance in different environments. Non-Parametric Stability Statistics require no statistical assumptions about the distribution of the phenotypic values and are easy to use.

This study was conducted during two years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021) in two stations in the cold dry areas of the country (Qeydar Zanjan, Maragheh). The experiment consisted of 17 advanced lentil genotypes along with three control cultivars Kimia, Bilesvar and Senna (20 genotypes in total) which was performed in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications.

The combined analysis of variance indicated that the main effects of genotype (G), environment (E) and their interactions genotype and environmen (G×E) were highly significant (p < . ). The principal component analysis (PCA) based on rank correlation matrix indicated that the first two PCAs explained . of the variance of original variables. Based on bi-plot analysis, the stability parameters were classified into four groups. Clustering of the genotypes according to the mean yield and nonparametric stability statistics showed that there were two main clusters. Overall, according to mean rank of nonparametric stability parameters, G17 , G3 , G9 and G2 had the lowest variations and were recognized as the most stable genotypes. Genotypes G7 , G11 and G13 had the highest values of mean rank of parameters and therefore, would be considered to be the most unstable. According to the present study, the stability measures Ysi, and TOP were associated with mean yield (MY) and the dynamic concept of stability. Therefore, these procedures were suitable for selecting stable and high yielding genotypes

Therefore, these procedures were suitable for selecting stable and high yielding genotypes. Based on these parameters, genotypes G13 (340 t/ha) and G11 (305 t/ha) were identified as high yield stable genotypes.

Water deficit stress is one of the most common abiotic stresses that reduce the growth and yield of crops such as oilseed rape. The utilization of micronutrients in oilseed crops is one of the most useful and effective approach for improving the grain yield and plant adaptation under drought stress conditions. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles on physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress.

To investigate the effect of selenium nanoparticles on on some physiological, biochemical and agricultural characteristics of oilseed rape under the end season drought stress, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at research farm station of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2017-2018. The treatments were irrigation (normal irrigation and omitting irrigation at the flowering stage) as main plots and selenium nanoparticles foliar application ((0 (control), 25 and 50 mg/l) as sub-plots. The cultivar studied was Hayola 401. The measured traits included Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Total Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, F0, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, relative water content, ion leakage, malondialdehyde, Catalase and grain yield. Analysis of variance and comparison of their means using by LSD test were done by the SAS software (version 9).

According to the results, drought stress significantly reduced the amount of photosynthetic pigment, relative water content and grain yield while amount malondialdehyde, ion leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence increased under drought stress conditions. Foliar spraying of nanoselenium with a concentration of 50 mg/liter increased catalase enzyme activity (82%), relative leaf water content (29 %), total chlorophyll (64 %) and decreased electrical conductivity of materials leaked from leaves by 23% could reduce the negative effects of drought stress. so that the grain yield increased (45%) by spraying 50 mg/l selenium nanoparticles in under drought stress conditions. The most positive and significantc orrelations were observed between grain yield and chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll (96** %).

The results of this study indicated that the using of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles under favorable irrigation conditions and drought stress could improve photosynthetic indices and biochemical traits. Foliar application of selenium nanoparticles, especially at 50 mg/l concentration, reduced the effects of drought stress by increasing the synthesis of chlorophyll and improving the process of photosynthesis and improved physiological and biochemical indices, thus improving the grain yield in favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions.

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is an industrial and agricultural product that is mainly used in pasta production industries. One of the important goals of durum wheat breeding programs is to produce high-yielding cultivars that have suitable characteristics for cultivation in different regions of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the genotype × environment interaction using GGE biplot graphic method in durum wheat promising lines and to identify and introduce lines with economic and stable yield for introduction and cultivation in different regions of the country.

In this research, 18 promising lines of durum wheat with two check Hana and Aran in five research stations of Karaj, Kermanshah, Khorramabad, Dezful and Darab (under two conditions of normal irrigation and interruption of irrigation during the flowering stage) in the form of randomized complete blocks design in 3 replications and in two cropping seasons (2019-2021) were cultivated and compared.

The results of two-year combined variance analysis for grain yield under normal irrigation conditions in five research stations of Darab, Dezful, Khorramabad, Karaj and Kermanshah and dry conditions at the end of the season in Darab showed that the effect of year in both conditions and all stations was significant. It has been in terms of grain yield under normal irrigation conditions, the difference between genotypes was significant in Darab, Dezful and Kermanshah stations, but not significant in Karaj and Khorramabad stations. Genotype × year interaction was significant under normal conditions in Darab and Kermanshah, but not significant in Karaj, Dezful and Khorramabad. Based on the average grain yield, lines G8, G9, G10, G14 and G18 (respectively with the average grain yield of 7725, 7597, 7742, 7661 and 7558 kg ha-1) were superior to the checks. According to the GGE biplot, three large environments were identified. The first large environment included Dezful and Khorramabad regions, and G8 and G10 genotypes were among the top genotypes in these two regions, respectively. The second largest environment was Kermanshah and Karaj, and G9 and G14 genotypes were among the top genotypes in these two regions. The third large environment included two test conditions in Darab and the superior genotype in Darab was G18 in both drought stress and non-stress conditions. GGE Biplot results showed that G8 and G10 genotypes were among the most stable lines and also had the highest grain yield. The comparison of the studied lines with the ideal genotype showed that G10 and G8 are the closest genotypes to the ideal genotype, which have the highest grain yield and stability. The results of qualitative characteristics showed that the hardness index mean of different genotypes was in the range of 57-58% and the promising lines were not significantly different from the check cultivars. G17 genotype had the lowest (14%) and G14 genotype had the highest average of grain yellow berry (45%). Also, a relatively large variation was observed in terms of the amount of wet gluten, so that genotypes G9 and G13 had the lowest and highest amount of wet gluten with 23.8 and 27.3%, respectively.

In general, according to the average grain yield and GGE biplot results in both normal and drought conditions and according to some quality characteristics of the grain, lines G8 (D-98-8) and G10 (D-98-10) were selected as the most suitable lines for both normal and dry conditions. These lines will be tested in on-farm yield trials of next crop season and finally one of them will be introduced as a new cultivar.

In many regions of the country, including Lorestan highlands, the amount, distribution and intensity of rainfall has a negative effect on the production of crops such as wheat in rainy conditions. Choosing the most suitable cultivar helps the economy of farmers in the region while increasing production. On the other hand, it seems necessary to find suitable practical solutions, including antiperspirant materials such as kaolin, to reduce perspiration and adjust the drought stress. Also, one of the effective factors for increasing plant yield in the management of agricultural operations is the change in the planting density of agricultural plants, which can cause changes in yield and yield components. Plant density is one of the most important factors determining the ability of crops to use environmental resources and is of particular importance in wheat production. For this purpose, the cultivar, density and kaolin were investigated simultaneously in order to achieve the best treatment for the dry conditions of the region in this experiment.

In order to investigate the effect of seed density and kaolin foliar application on rainfed wheat cultivars, a two-year factorial-split plot research was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design with four replications under rainfed conditions in Kohdasht city. . The density factor at four levels of 350, 500, 650 and 800 seeds per square meter and the variety factor including three varieties of rainfed wheat, Karim, Koohdasht and Qaboos, factorially in the main plots and kaolin foliar application in two control and foliar application levels. 5% of kaolin was placed in sub-plots.

The results showed that the density of 500 seeds per square meter without and with kaolin spraying was the highest in the first two years (respectively 2428 and 2480 kg per hectare) and the second year (respectively 2798 and 2831 kg per hectare). It showed the yield of the seed. Qaboos variety at a density of 500 seeds per square meter without and with kaolin application (2792 and 2802 kg/ha respectively) had the highest seed yield. The trend of changes in wheat grain yield in the second year of the experiment showed that grain yield followed a significant polynomial relationship with increasing seed density in all three cultivars Karim, Koohdasht and Qaboos; So that there was no significant change with the increase in density from 350 to 500 seeds per square meter and it decreased with further increase in density. Koohdasht cultivar without kaolin application had the highest amount of seed protein (12.30%).

Qaboos cultivar had the highest seed yield at a density of 500,000 seeds per hectare, which is recommended for the region. Kaolin spraying under the conditions of this experiment did not play a positive role in the quantitative and qualitative production of wheat.

Durum wheat is the only tetraploid plant that has high commercial value. Drought is the most important abiotic stress that significantly affects the growth, physiology and reproduction of plants. Simplifying the selection procedure to improve yield of new genotypes of wheat is necessary. Performance is a complex trait that is influenced by many factors, and usually due to its low heritability, direct selection for performance is not very effective, so it is better to use indirect selection to improve yield. By using some statistical methods, it is possible to obtain the relative share of each of the yield components in the yield amount.

In this study, in order to investigate recombinant inbred lines of durum wheat with their parents (Shotordandan and Dena) the experiment in the form of alpha lattice design in two replications for two crop years 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Ahvaz branch in two conditions of full irrigation and no irrigation after the pollination stage done. In this research, morphophysiological and phenological traits were measured. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients between traits and factor analysis of relationships between traits were investigated and genotypes were grouped using cluster analysis by WARD method using standard data and Euclidean distance using SPSS ver 20 software.

Based on the results of composite analysis, the interaction effect of genotype × year was significant only for spike length trait. The results of phenotypic and genotypic correlations in full irrigation and stress conditions showed that the grain yield in all conditions had a positive and significant correlation with spikes. plant-1 and biological yield. Based on the results of factor analysis in the conditions of full irrigation and drought stress at the end of the season, six and five factors were identified, respectively, and these factors explained 89.3 and 79.7 percent of the changes in the data. The results of cluster analysis put the evaluated recombinant pure lines in four clusters under full irrigation conditions and five clusters under stress conditions.

In total, genotypes 38, 11, 2, 8, 49, 34, 50, 41, 9, 63, 47, 59, 57, 1, 4, 35, and the parent of Shotordandan were introduced as better genotypes in terms studied traits. Selection based on grain yield is not enough due to low heritability, especially in drought stress conditions, so traits that have a high and significant correlation with grain yield in drought stress conditions can be used in breeding programs in prioritized. The results of this research showed that there is a high diversity in relation to all the evaluated traits in the studied lines, which indicates the high breeding value of this population.

The wild species of safflower have different degrees of non-deep physiological dormancy, which affects the seeds germinability under different environmental conditions. Afterripening (dry storage) of seeds with non-deep physiological dormancy can increase their germination by releasing of seed dormancy. Also, it has been found that according to the afterripening period, the germination response of some species changes to temperature and water potential. Wild species of plants are of great importance due to their use as genetic resources in breeding programs. On the other hand, knowing the characteristics and needs of their germination under different environmental conditions leads to facilitating the reproduction and preservation of these valuable genetic resources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the germination response of safflower wild species to temperature and water potential during different afterripening period.

In this study, the seeds of two wild species, C. oxycanthus and C. glaucus, were Afterripened for 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months at 25°C. After each afterripening period, the percentage and rate of seed germination at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ℃ were checked and the cardinal temperatures of germination were calculated. Also, the response of germination to different water potential levels including zero, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa was investigated.

The results showed that afterripening the seeds for 2-6 months increased the germination percentage of the seeds compared to the control, while the germination percentage decreased in the treatment of 12 months afterripening. In addition, the seeds of C. oxycanthus and C. glaucus species were sensitive to light and gibberellic acid application, and in the presence of these treatments, the germination percentage increased. These findings showed that both species have different degrees of non-deep physiological dormancy. However, the species C. glaucus had higher dormancy. Also, different afterripening periods led to an increase in basic, optimum and germination ceiling temperatures compared to fresh seeds. Examination of the germination response of the seeds of the two studied species showed that in both species, with the increase in the duration of the afterripening period, the base water potential for 50% germination (ψb50) became more negative, and hence, tolerance to drought stress increased during the afterripening period. Nevertheless, afterripening for 12 months significantly increased the hydrotime coefficient (θH) and actually decreased the germination rate compared to other treatments.

In summary, afterripening of seeds in safflower wild species during a suitable period of time (2-6 months) can lead to the improvement of their germination characteristics under different temperature and humidity conditions. In addition, it should be noted that long-term storage of seeds can lead to a decrease in the quality of seeds.

A wide part of arable lands in Country (Iran) is devoted to Wheat cultivation every year and a considerable part of these lands are saline or exposed to salinity due to irrigation by water that has some salts. On other hand, in most of these lands the Wheat is cultivated in rainfed condition. About 500 thousand hectares In Golestan province are affected by slat stresses and the amount of rainfall is limited. Therefore, the drought stresses occurrence in croup cultivation is unavoidable. So study of all factors that could affect the growth and yield of croup are required. So that, the purpose of this study was the investigation of compact of patterns of cultivation on Wheat growth and yield. This study was carried out in a field around Moradberdi country of Siminshar at Golestan province with average years and seasonal rainfall 402mm and 362mm respectively on 2019-2020. The amount of seasonal rainfall was 317 mm. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized blocks design with five sowing patterns in three replications. The length of every block was 6 m and 7 rows were cultivated in every block. The seeds were planted by the hand on 16 November of 2019. It cultivated 180 kg/ha seed of Qaboos Wheat cultivar with 1000 weight 44g. The traits that were measured included LAI at flowering stage, and at harvesting stage plant height, number of stems in plant, number of spikes pre plant, spike length, kernel number pre spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, grain yield and HI. The data analyzed was conducted using SAS statistical software (version 9.4) and the mean’s data were compared based on LSD test. The results of this study showed that the Wheat sowing patterns in saline soil (about 12 ds/m) and rainfed condition with about 315 mm rainfall during growth and development season could affect significantly on importance traits as LAI, plant height, number of spikes per plant, number of kernel in spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, yield kg/ha and HI. The results of mean analyze the effect of Wheat sowing patterns on the measured traits showed that Wheat cultivation in the flat pattern and 25 cm row spacing increasing LAI, number of spikes per plant, number of kernel ore spike, 1000 weight kernel, amount of strew, total biomass, yield kg/ha and HI. On the other hand, higher plant length and HI was optioned for 3 sowing pattern (ridge-furrow cultivation, row spacing 25 cm, sowing on ridge top), Also, the 3 pattern sowing had not different significant effected with 2 sowing pattern in spike length, number of kernel pre spike and grain yield. Totally, it seem that Wheat sowing in rainfed and saline soil (about 12 dS/m at planting time) and with rainfall about 315 mm during Wheat growth and development stages by sowing patterns of flat, row spacing 25 cm and sowing on ridge (pattern 3) could increase Wheat growth and yield compered to flat sowing with 12.5 cm row spacing (control) and patterns 4 and 5.

Perennial weeds live at least 2 years; some live for decades. Most perennial weeds reproduce both by seeds and by the spread of energy-storing vegetative parts, such as roots or tubers. Strict winter weeds have the ability to survive and grow during times of the year when environmental conditions, mainly temperature, are not favorable for the development of other plant species. The objectives of this research were to understand the role of soil temperature in the emergence of bermuda grass and purple nutsedge in canola and to develop predictive models for the emergence of these two weeds based on soil thermal time (STT) accumulation. In order to predict the emergence pattern of bermuda grass and purple nutsedge under different management operation, a split plot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in Sari Agricultural College in 2022. Two tillage systems (Conventional tillage and no-till) and three doses of Butisan Star (quinomerac + metazachlor) (0, 50, and 100 % recommended dose) were considered as experimental factors. To predict emergence pattern in each plot a fixed quadrat 50 in 50 cm in the center of each plot was and the start of the season after the first irrigation, new seedlings grown count, based on the species began. A three-parameter logistic model was used to describe the cumulative seedling emergence (CE) with STT. Parametric estimates were compared using paired t-test (P<0.001). From the emergence count data, mean emergence time (MET) and emergence rate index (ERI) were calculated. Comparing the average values of MET and ERI indices were compared by SAS 9.2 software and using LSD test. Bermuda grass in the no-till (NT) system and purple nutsedge in conventional tillage (CT) system had a shorter mean emergence time (MET) and a higher emergence rate index (ERI), and by receiving a lower growing degree days (T50), they reached 50% of their cumulative growth faster. Also, bermuda grass and purple nutsedge at the the highest dose of Butisan Star (100 % recommended dose) had the highest MET and the lowest ERI, and by receiving higher T50 and having a lower emergence rate (Erate), they achieved 50% cumulative emergence of seedlings later. Purple nutsedge in both tillage systems and all three doses of Botisan Star herbicide had a lower MET compared to bermuda grass and by receiving lower T50, it achieved 50% cumulative seedling emergence faster at the beginning of the growing season. On this basis, growth stage suitable for controlling purple nutsedge, when the main wave of bermuda grass seedlings still have not found emergence.