study of identity factors and their impact on Afghanistan's foreign policy during Ashraf Ghani`s rule

Identity factors play an important role in the foreign policy of countries, this influence can cause both threats and opportunities. That means the existence of ethnic, linguistic, and religious identity between two countries can cause interaction between the parties and achieve their desire goals, in contrariwise it can cause long-term risks and threats. This procedure is prominent about Afghanistan for the existence of multiple ethnic, tribal, religious, and linguistic identities are prominent, so the present article tries to discuss the impression of identity factors on Afghanistan's foreign policy during the rule of Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai.The big question is, what are the prominent identity factors in this period, and these factors are threats or opportunities for Afghanistan's foreign policy? The result shows the failure of Ashraf Ghani's foreign policy from the point of view of the opportunistic use of identity factors.In the field of interaction with Shia and Sunni countries in West Asia, despite the lack of a deep challenge, he could not take advantage of the existing interaction opportunity to repel threats such as the Taliban. Also, in his interaction with Pakistan, he couldn’t get benefit from the common religious, ethnic and linguistic identity; however, Pakistan is a factor in Taliban's rise to power and collape of Ashraf Ghani's government.The plan of Ashraf Ghani's government in the economic field also shows his lack of success in taking advantage of identity factors, and the problems of Afghan immigrants, economic stability and dependence on foreign aid, show the dominance of the element of "ethnicism" over national interests both inside and outside the country. It is outside of Afghanistan’s borders in this period. The theoretical framework of the current research, constructivism, and the method of the article is descriptive and analytical and use library documents and resources.