The effect of extra-text on the images of the poem "ghaside barae ensan e mahe bahman" by Ahmad Shamloo based on Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysis

The effect of extra-text on the images of the poem "ghaside barae ensan e mahe bahman" by Ahmad Shamloo based on Norman Fairclough's theory of critical discourse analysisNorman Fairclough studies the discourse in 3 levels "description, interpretation and explanation". In this article, the effect of extra-text on the images of the poem "ghaside barae ensan e mahe bahman" by Ahmad Shamlou is investigated based on Farklough's theory.The formation of images is based on the centrality of simile and then paradox, metaphor, exaggeration, hint and irony.The images of the poem fit with the experimental context and strengthen the central image of the poem, that is, the fighting man. The situational context of the images includes some social-political events close to or at the same time as the poetry. Hints have an intertextual function and prove and strengthen the poet's attitude. In the process of ideological displacement, Shamlou delegitimizes the official and dominant discourse. And as an intellectual, who has discursive agency, he presents his alternative ideology in the form of socialism and in opposition to the government. In this poem, discourse practice is obtained from the coexistence and coordination of individual images (discourse event) with each other and with the situational context of the poem and is related to the social practice of poetry (social-political situations).