Topics of Satirical Poetry in Ahmad Shawqi's Poems, with a sociological approach [In Arabic]

Since antiquity, a connection has existed between literature and society; consequently, literature and sociology have a solid foundational relationship. Sociology examines literature as a social phenomenon from multiple perspectives, including literary work, author, consumer, point of view, and other social data. It demonstrates the connection between literature and the neighboring social indicators. From a global perspective, literary sociology has significantly impacted literary and critical movements worldwide, and literary sociology can be subdivided into numerous subfields due to the breadth of its activities and topics. Satirical is one of the literary genres in Arabic literature, a distinct branch of literature with social content. The purpose of a satirical protest poem is to express the problems and disorders of society, which the poet attempts to solve and rectify by exaggerating the ugliness, flaws, problems, and heterogeneous phenomena in the social life of humans. Since the impact of poetry on the heart is much greater than that of prose, and among poetic purposes, satirical has a greater effect than other poetic purposes due to the induction of content into the audience's consciousness in the form of comedy and mockery, and poetry has a much more significant effect on the heart than prose. The source of satire is two emotions: rage and revulsion. When the poet's instinct of displeasure surfaces, he is repulsed, and if something disgusts him, it arouses his rage; he is then compelled to ridicule whatever disgusted or offended him. Ahmad Shawqi is a precise and inventive poet who has used humor and satire to express discontent through illustration and literary skills. His humor is sometimes used to complain about the occupier and sometimes to revive ancient honors, correct their poor conditions, and rouse their determination. In his poems, he made fun of the authorities and occupiers, the people's apathy, poverty, duplicity, and corruption. The poet expresses his criticism and desire for change through satire. On the premise of poetry, Ahmad Shawqi endeavored to expose the many flaws and flaws of his society, intending to resolve and rectify them.