Advanced Manufacturing Technology by Under Water Friction Stir Welding Technique

Under water friction stir welding (UWFSW) is one of the modern and advanced manufacturing technologies of solid state joining and it is used for welding a wide range of materials. The energy-efficient technique used to the 6061 aluminum alloy joint and it has been demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of joints. To illuminate the characteristics of underwater FSW, the microstructural evolution and its effect on mechanical performance of an underwater joint were investigated in the present paper. This work compared the parameters of normal friction stir welding (FSW) and UWFSW on the weld joint. In this investigating FSW used in underwater environment, for this operations research pin covered and shielded from contact water by hollow shaft spin (HSS), the HSS controlled the heat conduction of pin and disconnect with water, applying for the first time a novel underwater FSW technique developed in various industries. The metallographic exams indicate that weld nugget grain size has been decreased. The mechanical testing illustrated that hardness and tensile strength have been increased, on the other hand the percentage of elongation and impact energy have been diminished.