Formalist classification of irony in child's stories

No definition is possible for all aspects of irony. From the perspective of this research, irony requires the presence of three people: the ironist, the victim, and the ironic observer. The ironist refers to a concept with his words or actions, knowingly (with the intention of deception) or unknowingly, but the victim takes the opposite. An ironic observer is someone (often a reader) who is aware of and laughs at the victim's misconception. In fact, irony is based on multiple meanings (sentences are multifaceted, words have multiple meanings, actions and situations have multiple inferences), some of its meanings are in conflict with each other.This study categorizes the types of irony, with a formalist approach, in terms of the type of code, the position of the victim, intertextuality, the degree of irony transparency, and density (the scattering of irony in the text). The research method is descriptive analysis, and its field of study is children's stories. In this regard, this article seeks to answer how irony is formed in children's stories with a formative approach. The present article is useful for humorists in the field of children, and the author has not seen a similar research regarding the classification of ironies, either in domestic or foreign articles.