Tohfat-ol Qeib by Mahmud ibn Hussein Mashhadi; A treatise on Sufism from the early tenth century AH

The Ottoman court during the reign of Sultan Mohammad the Conqueror and his son Sultan Bayazid II was one of the centers supporting Persian language and literature; Some Iranians, hearing the security news and the support of the kings of that land, decided to emigrate to that land. One of these people was a Sufi named Mahmud ibn Hussein Mousavi Mashhadi, who was forced to emigrate to the Ottoman Empire due to the conflicts and oppression in Khorasan, in the late ninth century AH. In the city of Kayseri, he met with Sheikh Seyyed Obaidullah Tostari Shirazi and spent two and a half years in his monastery. After that, with the intention of entering the court of Sultan Bayazid II, and on the advice of Seyyed Obaidullah, he wrote a treatise on Sufism called "Tohfat-ol Qeib". This treatise has an introduction and four chapters and in it are mentioned significant Persian and Arabic verses from famous and unknown poets.In this article, we identify Mahmoud ibn Hussein Mashhadi and Sheikh Seyyed Obaidullah. After that, while determining the time limits for the compilation of the Tohfat-ol Qeib, we introduce the only known manuscript of this treatise (from the Hagia Sophia / Ayasofya Library, Istanbul). In the calligraphy section of this book, we get acquainted with one of its interesting features, which is the signs of writing (Punctuation). In the meantime, we will consider the subject of this treatise and the intellectual of its author, and finally,