SARS-CoV2 neuroinvasive potential in respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the same sequence as SARS-CoV and has been reported with clinical symptoms similar to those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. This study reviewed the neuro-invasive potential of SARS-CoV2 reported in various studies. We searched keywords containing COVID-19, coronavirus, respiratory infection, SARS‐CoV2, and neuro-invasive potential in PubMed, WOS, Scopus, SID, and Google scholar. The results of our study led to the achievement of articles on the study of COVID-19. This study focused on published articles from 1970 to 2021. Respiratory failure was drawn as the most prominent symptom of COVID-19, while evidence suggests that SARS-CoV2 does not exclusively affect the respiratory system and may lead to neurological disease by invading the central nervous system. SARS-CoV may also cause severe brainstem infection. Some coronaviruses (CoVs) can spread through a synaptic connection to the medullary cardiorespiratory center of mechanical and chemical receptors in the lungs and lower respiratory tract. Neuro-invasive and neurotropic tendency of SARS-CoV2 has potential to cause neuropathological issues in the patients. Since there are many similarities between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2, recognizing the link between potential SARS-CoV2 virus attack and acute respiratory failure in COVID-19 infection is critically important in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure.