A Causal Model for Predicting Online Social Presence Based on Cognitive Presence in Online Learning with the Mediating Role of Computer Self-Efficacy

The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model that can be employed to predict online social presence based on cognitive presence in online learning with the mediating role of computer self-efficacy. This correlational and quantitative study was basic in terms of purpose. The participants, who were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling, included 261 students attending online courses in the academic year of 2020-2021 at Payame Noor University in North Khorasan province. Research instruments included cognitive presence in online learning, online social presence, and computer self-efficacy scales. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling in AMOS-24 software. Based on the findings, cognitive presence in online learning positively predicted computer self-efficacy and social presence. Also, computer self-efficacy was found to positively and significantly predict social presence. Finally, cognitive presence in online learning predicted social presence through the mediating role of computer self-efficacy. Therefore, it can be stated that improving students’ computer self-efficacy and their social presence can enhance their cognitive presence in online learning.