Fasting and Ramadan in the Romantic Views of Some Persian Poets

The proponents of Romanticism consider imagination to be the fundamental element of poetry, which allows the poet to create innovative and inspired works to enter the world of the unseen and unheard in order to make a new world. Fasting and the glorious customs of the holy month of Ramadan have been chosen as the theme and the imagery of most Persian poets. This study seeks to answer the following questions: How are the customs of Ramadan and fasting manifested in Persian poetry? And what is the place of poetic imagination in creating relevant images? The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and the components of Ramadan and fasting were analyzed based on the frequency statistics obtained by software from the poets' works. The poets who paid the most attention to this issue were then selected and analyzed. Rumi, Saadi, Attar, and Qaani were the four who had the most frequency in this field. The main discussion is divided into three main areas under the headings: 1- Rhetorical images of Ramadan and fasting in Persian poetry 2- The customs of Ramadan and fasting 3- Purposes of Ramadan and fasting. Findings indicate that simile, allusion, and poetic etiology have had the most frequency. Also, intentionality, abstinence, and the manner of breaking the fast as rituals of Ramadan, and refinement and cultivation are some of the most important rituals in fasting and Ramadan in Persian poetry recreated by these poets’ imagination.