Grain Yield Adaptability and Stability of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes Using Different Stability Indices

Quinoa is known as a suitable plant in adverse environmental conditions due to its desirable nutritional value and high production potential such a country like Iran, which has a climate diversity, it will create food security, increase farmers'''' incomes and sustainable production. To study the genotype and environment interaction and determine the stability and adaptability of grain yield of quinoa genotypes in different regions of Iran, ten genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in four regions of Karaj, Shahrekord, Urmia, and Kashmar during 2017-2018 cropping season. The studied genotypes included Titicaca, Red Carina, Giza1, Q12, Q18, Q21, Q22, Q26, Q29, and Q31. The results of the combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of environment and the genotype and environment interaction on the grain yield were significant (p≤0.01). The highest grain yield in Karaj and Shahrekord (717 and 2196 kg.ha-1, respectively) was obtained by the Q26 genotype and in Urmia and Kashmar (1614 and 829 kg.ha-1, respectively) by the Q18 and Titicaca genotypes, respectively. According to the results of stability and compatibility analysis with different methods and indices (parametric and non-parametric), the Red Carina genotype was identified as a genotype with suitable and stable yield and compatible with the study areas, with 996 kg.ha-1 grain yield higher than the average yield of all genotypes (939 kg.ha-1), the highest rank of simultaneous selection index for yield and stability, the lowest mean rank (1.56), and the minimum standard deviation of rank (SD = 1.03).