Constructive Process of Affirmative Negation and Its Practical Appearances in Persian and Kurdish Languages

There is a generative constructional process in both Persian and Kurdish languages, through which some syntactic constructions can be transformed from a simple expression to an emphatic expression without changing the original meaning. This process, which is the proof of a subject through the negation of other states, can be called “affirmative negation". “Sentence to express the concept of obligation", "sentence to express inclusion" and "positive news sentence in the present tense" are among the cases that are transformed from their fundamental and unmarked structure into a marked structure with specific verbal motivations. In this research, within the framework of the markedness approach, the marked form of the mentioned sentences in Persian and Kurdish languages is described and analyzed from the structural and functional aspects in order to determine their difference from the basic and unmarked form in terms of semantic function. The aim is to explain and prove the nature of the construction process of affirmative negation in Persian and Kurdish languages as a structural pattern and to show the performance of this process in construction from unmarked to markedness. The result of the research shows that marking in syntactic constructions does not occur only with the movement of sentence elements, but sometimes it is done through this process, which is one of the processes of emphasis.