The Inseparability of Substantial Dualism from Characteristic Dualism from the Perspective of Islamic Philosophy

The inseparability dualism, as considers mental particularities as incorporeal, should be taken seriously. This view, of which David Chalmers is considered the current figure, not only has passed reductionist physicalism, but also considered non-reductionist physicalism to be incorrect and viewing the strength of emergentism in mental matters, has practically introduced them beyond the reach of physics. However, the theory, in the case of substance, is considered physicalism; in other words, It implies physicalness of human substance, but in terms of characteristics, it has two types of physical and non-physical (mental) characteristics. In the present article, it has been shown that it is necessary for the viewers of characteristic duality to accept substantial duality. For this purpose, the foundations of Islamic philosophy have been used; on this basis, the unity of in-itself-existence of accident with its for-another-existence would lead to the unity of accident and substance and, therefore, accident would be a mode of substance not something other than it. In this way, every quality and change of accident is known as being of substance. And finally, it has been concluded that physical substance of human body cannot be the carrier of non-physical mental characteristics, rather the mental characteristics require their appropriate substances.