The role of social influence of Khorasan scholars in Goharshad mosque incident(Relying on the theory of Pareto elites)

Social institutions in the contemporary history of Iran have been centered on the institution of religion and led by the clergy and seminaries; Historical evidences in this era show the numerous social actions of Shia scholars and their extraordinary influence among the masses of people. The lack of necessary platforms to achieve security and social rights and the relative growth of people's awareness caused them to use religious holy places as centers of litigation many times during the period in question; In this regard, the sit-in in Goharshad Mosque in July 1935 with the request and support of the people and the social influence of Khorasan scholars, who were the elites of their era, has a special significance.This research was conducted using the historical research method and in a descriptive-analytical way and tried to investigate the event of Goharshad Mosque from the perspective of influence and social power of scholars. The findings of the present research show that with the implementation of the pseudo-modernist programs of the first Pahlavi, not only some religious beliefs and rituals were threatened and changed, but also many of the social duties of the clergy and the livelihood of certain classes of the bazaars were reduced, so they repeatedly referred to the clergies. According to the pioneering theory of Pareto's elites, the scholars of Khorasan as the elites of the contemporary Iranian society, led the masses of people in the Goharshad Mosque. The people relied on the scholars, their intellectual leaders to talk to the government; But the result of this cultural protest was an action far from the thought-oriented discourse, the massacre of a number of people and the exile of a number of Khorasan and Bazarian scholars.