A Comparative Study of the Intellectual Level of Hafez and Sanai's Sonnets with an Emphasis on Lucien Goldmann's Theory of Formative Constructionism

In this article, the authors' efforts are a comparative study of the intellectual level of Hafez and Sanai's sonnets with an emphasis on Lucien Goldmann's theory of formative constructionism. In his own way, Goldmann tries to reveal the connection between the inner structure of the work and the intellectual construction (worldview) of the author's social class, and in his opinion, the stronger this relationship is, the greater its artistic validity. The mental structure of Sana'i society made his sonnets in terms of intellectual level fall into three categories: romantic, mystical, and intellectual, and the social structure of Hafez's time made his sonnets appear to the level of a reformist critical thinker. The results of research, by using the comparative method, indicate that the dominant intellectual level of Hafez's poems is to change the structure of the existing situation and realize justice, and the intellectual level of Sana'i poems, due to the inclusion of epistemic, situational and especially normative implications, is of dimensions and ability. It has important civil and political functions.