The assessment of effective environmental design components on security (case study: sang-e siah local community in Shiraz)

Security is one of the most fundamental human need and has the second place in Mazlo's classification of needs. the environmental factors could influence security. Security is strongly affected by the city as the living Space for the people and the spatial hierarchy of the city (including region, area, district and neighborhood) plays a significant part in maintaining security. The aim of this article is to analyse and prioritise the essential factors of environmental design that influence security of the district centres. First the literature review was analysed to extract the factors of effective environmental design on security, and afterwards the relationship between the paper keywords is visualized through a conceptual model and completed using expert reviews through the Delphi method. As security is essentially measured together with its contex in which it is assessed, case study is the method utilized in this paper. As Sang-e Siah district is one of the most important, most valuable spaces in Shiraz historical area and acts as a symbol for cultural and social identity of the city, is selected as a case study of this paper. The model is afterwards evaluated using survey research method via 37-measure questionnaire in the Sang-e Siah district. Random cluster method was used for sampling and the sample size is 89 persons. The data is processed by SPSS software. The findings indicate that utility-services factors of public recreational and residential gathering spaces, social-population factors of unofficial monitoring of the surrounding environment and pedestrian areas, physical factors of green spaces and parks motifs, and the expressive factors of well-being are significant contributors to the feeling of security of the residents. Conclusively, a redesigning of the district centre is suggested in order to provide cultural and green spaces, and to improve social well-being and resident participation.